Author 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



Indian Club Exercises 
and Exhibition Drills 



H, B. CAMANN 



Indian Club Exercises 

and 

Exhibition Drills 



Arranged for the Use of Teachers and Pupils 
High School Classes, Academies, Private 
Schools, Colleges, Gymnasiums, 
Normal Schools, Etc. 



BY 

HENRY B. CAMANN 

Teacher of Physical Training in the McKinley High School, 
Chicago, III., E. L. Seminary, Addison, 111. 



1910 



Copyriiht 1910 
BY H. B. CAMANN 



Preface 



The author has been frequently requested by many 
of his former pupils to publish a series of club exercises, 
so graded as to cover a four years school course to be 
used in connection with other work in the gymnasium. 
The collection is the result of many years of experience 
in high school, college and normal school classes 

For exhibition purposes the leading feature is to ar- 
range in review such exercises as will display the apt- 
ness of class work. The material presented can be se- 
lected and adjusted to fit the ability of any class. 

The appendix furnishes drills which are models for 
exhibitions which have been carried out with great suc- 
cess by his colleagues, and are an invaluable addition to 
this manual. 



©C!.A265589 



Introductory Remarks 



Pertaining to Clubs, Circles, Directions, Posi- 
tions and Musical Accompaniment. 



CLUBS. 

For general use a 1 tb club is sufficient, especially for 
girls and ladies classes ; for strong boys and men a 1 J tb 
club is ample. 

CIRCLES. 

A distinction is made between arm and hand circles. 
The arm circles may be a small arm circle with the 
center at the elbow, or a large arm circle with the center 
at the shoulder. In the execution of hand circles the 
arm generally remains in a fixed position; the handle or 
knob to be twirled between the thumb and fingers. When 
an exercise calls for a double arm or double hand circle 
in any direction it means that both arms execute the 
movement simultaneously. 

DIRECTIONS. 

The arm and hand circles executed in the vertical 
plane in front or behind the body are distinguished by 
the following directions: 

3 



Fig. 1/' 

" 2." 



Inward 
Outward 
Both right 
Both left 



The circles in the vertical plane, but at right angles 




to the shoulders ''cross swings" may be executed in two 
directions, viz. : 

Fig. 5.'' Forward 
6." Backward 
They are executed on the left or right side of body, 
requiring a \ turn of the trunk. 

4 



The horizontal circles are performed either above or 
below the arm in a horizontal plane, in all directions. 

POSITIONS 

If tactics or a marching drill precedes the formation, 
the clubs may be held in any of the following positions : 






Fig. A. Both clubs on shoulders. 
" B. One on shoulder, one at side. 

C. Clubs between arms, hands on small of back. 






D. Clubs on forearms, hands in front. 

E. Fundamental position, clubs at sides. 

F. Starting position, fore-arms raised. 

Note. — Some of the lessons begin from the fundamental 
pes., Fig. E, but more generally from the starting pos. Fig. F. 

5 



MUSICAL ACCOMPANIMENT. 



In the given arrangement of exercises the ''poetry of 
motion" would be incomplete unless accompanied by a 
well chosen musical selection. For general purposes a 
well marked waltz in quick tempo will be sufficient, one 
measure being equal to one count of the exercise, and 
each part covering periods of 16 counts ; but music writ- 
ten in 4-4 or 6-8 time can often be adapted to some of 
the lessons. 



Abreviations to avoid lengthy description in the text are : 



ABREVIATIONS. 



Ex. exercise, 
pos. position, 
1. left, 
r. right, 
alt. alternately, 
horz. horizontal, 
forw. forward, 
comb, combination 



sidew. sideward, 
upw. upward, 
backw. backward, 
obi. oblique, 
downw. downward 
outw. outward 
inw. inward. 



I. Grade 



Lesson I. 

Half Arm Circles. 

Clubs to position — raise! 

1 Swing inward 1. to pos. sidew. left and return, 1 — 3 



2 Same right 1—3 

3 Alternately 1—3 

4 Both inward 1 — 3 

5 Swing outward 1. to pos. inward .1 — 3 

6 Same right 1—3 

7 Alternately 1—3 

8 Both outward 1 — 3 

9 Both inward and outward alt 1 — 6 

10 Both to the left 1—3 

12 Both 1. and r. alternately 1 — 6 



Lesson IL 

Cross Half Arm Circles. 

Clubs to pos. — raise! 

1 Swing 1. forw. to pos. backw. height of shoul- 



ders, turn trunk 1., arm straight 1 — 3 

2 Same right 1 — 3 

3 Swing both forw. to pos. backw. pass left side 

left arm straight, right arm bent height of 
shoulders, turn trunk 1 1 — 3 

4 Same right 1 — 3 

5 3 and 4 .alternately 1 — 6 

6 Swing 1. backw. to pos. forw 1 — 3 

7 



7 Same right 1 — 3 

8 Swing both backw. pass left side 1 — 3 

9 Same, right 1--3 

10 8 and 9 alternately 1—6 



Lesson III. 

Rear and Front Half Arm Circles. 

Clubs in pos. — raise! 

1 Swing 1. sidew. to pos. backw. 
across small of back and 

return (Fig. I) 1—3 

Same right 1 — 3 

Alternately 1 — 6 

Swing both left, 1. arm passes 
in rear (small of back) r. 
arm in front of body to 
pos. sidew. right and return 1 — 3 

Same right 1 — 3 

6, 4 and 5 alternately 1 — 6 

Note. — Lessons I, II and III are 3 count movements, and 
are not intended for musical accompaniment. 




Lesson IV, 

Club to pos. — raise! 

1 Swing 1. inward to pos. sidew. 1. 1) tilt club 
on forearm, 2) continue the movement in- 
ward 3 — 16 

Note. — From the 2nd pos. start the arm circle 
by extend, the club 1. obi. overhead. Omit the 
tilt and return to starting pos. with the 16th 
count. 



2 Same right 



1—16 



8 



3 Swing I. outward to pos. inward) 1) tilt club 
on fore-arm (arm is bent to a right angle in 
front of chest) ; 2) continue the movements 



outward 3 — 16 

Note. — From the 2nd position start the arm circle 
by extending sidew. obi. upw. to the left. 

4 Same right 1—16 

5 Both inward 1 — 16 

6 Both outward 1 — 16 

7 Both to the left 1—16 

8 Both to the right 1—16 



Note. — All the above exercises to be swung con- 
tinually, returning to the starting pos. with 
the 16th count. 

9 Swing 1. forw. to pos. backw. turning trunk 

left, 1) tilt club on fore-arm, 2) continue. . . .3 — 16 



10 Same right 1—16 

11 Swing 1. backw. turning trunk 1. to pos. forw., 

1) tilt club on fore-arm, 2) continue 3 — 16 

10 Same right 1—16 

11 Swing 1. backw. turning trunk 1. to pos. forw., 

1) tilt club on fore-arm, 2) continue 3 — 16 

12 Same right 1 — 16 

13 Both forward, passing the 1. and r. sides alter- 

nately 1 — 16 

14 Both backward, etc 1 — 16 



Lesson V. 

Clubs to position — raise! 

1 Swing 1. inward to pos. sideways 1. ; tilt club 

on fore-arm and return swing to starting 

pos 1—4 

2 Same right 1 — 4 

3 1 and 2 alternately 1 — 8 

9 



4 Both inward 1 — 4 

5 Swing left outward to pos. inward and tilt club 

on bent fore-arm in front of chest and return 
swing to starting pos 1 — 4 

6 Same right 1 — 4 

7 5 and 6 alternately 1 — 8 

8 Both outward, arms bent front of chest 1 — 4 

9 Swing both to the left to pos. sidew. right and 

tilt clubs on fore-arms and return swing to 
starting pos 1 — 4 

10 Same right ...1—4 

11 9 and 10 alternately 1—8 

12 Exercises 4, 8, 9 and 10 in succession 1 — 16 

Rear and Front Circles. 

1 Swing 1. sideways left to pos. backw, and tilt 

club on fore-arm across small of back 1 — 2 

return swing to starting pos 3 — 4 

2 Same right 1—4 

3 Alternately 1—8 



4 Swing both sideways left to 

pos. backw. and tilt on 
fore-arm across small of 
back, together with the ' 
right, which swings in 
front of body to pos. side- 
ways right and tilt club 
on fore-arm 1 — 2, return 
starting pos. (Fig. 11) 3 — 4 

5 Same right 1 — 4 

6 4 and 5 alternately... 1 — 8 




10 



Lesson VI. 



Cross Circles. 

Clubs to position — raise! 

1 Swing both forw. pass left side, point to rear, 

with turning of trunk to the 1. and tilt on 
fore-arms, 1. arm straight, r. arm bent and 
return, swing to starting pos 1 — 4 

2 Same right 1 — 4 

3 Alternately 1—8 

4 As 1, omit turning of trunk, but stride backw. 

left and i turn 1. on heels (r. arm bent 1. arm 
straight) 1 — 4 

5 Same right 1 — 4 

6 4 and 5 alternately 1^ — 8 

7 As 4 but stride backw. 1. 

with i turn 1. on heels, 

both arms straight 1 — 4 

"^"^ \ 8 Same right 1—4 

/ 9 7 and 8 alternately 1 — 8 

f 10 Swing both forw., stride 
backw. 1. with ^ turn 1. on 
heels, clubs pass on 1. side 
to pos. upw., tilt clubs on 
fore-arms 1 — 2, and return 
swing to starting position 

m (^^s- 

11 Same right 1—4 

12 10 and 11 alternately 1—8 



11 



Lesson VII. 



Small Arm Circles. 



Clubs to pos. — raise! 

1 a) Arm circle left, inward . . . 1 — 2 

b) Arm circle right, inward 3 — 4 

c) Both twice 5— 8 

Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 

2 Same, but outward 1 — 32 

3 a) Arm circle left, outward 1 — 2 

b) Arm circle right, inward 3 — 4 

c) Both twice to the left 5— 8 

Repeat 3 times ! 9—32 

4 As 3, but to the right 1—32 



Cross Circles. 

5 a) Arm circle 1. forw. (turning trunk left) . . 1 — 2 
b) Arm circle r. forw. (turning trunk right).. 3 — 4 



c) Both forw. passing 1. side (turning trunk 
left) 5—6 

d) Both for forw. passing r. side (turning trunk 
right) 7— 8 

6 a) Arm circle 1. backw. (turning trunk left)..l — 2 

b) Arm circle r. backw. (turning trunk right) 3— 4 

c) Both backw. passing 1, side (turning trunk 
left) 5—6 

d) Both backw. passing r. side (turning trunk 

right) 7— 8 

Repeat 3 times 9— 32 



Lesson VIII, 

Straight Arm Circles. 
Fundamental pos.: Arms straight at sides! 

1 a) Raise fore-arms (same as starting pos. in 

previous lessons) 1 

12 



b) Straighten arms upward 2 

c) Large arm circle left inward (right arm 
remains) 3 — 4 

d) Large arm circle right inward (left arm re- 
mains) 5 — 6 

e) Lower clubs to pos. (a) 7 

f) Lower arms to fundamental pos 8 

Repeat 9—16 

2 Same as 1, but large arm circle outward.... 1 — 16 

3 Same as 1, but large arm circle to the left...l — 16 

4 Same as 1, but large ^rm circle to the right. .1 — 16 

5 a) Raise fore-arms and step pos. 1. forward.. 1 

b) Straighten arms upward and stride side- 
ways left, standing on both feet 2 

c) Large arm circle inward with both 3 — 4 

d) Repeat (c) 5—6 

e) Lower clubs to pos. (a) and step pos. forw. 7 

f) Lower arms and return foot to pos 8 

Repeat with foot movement to the right.. 9 — 16 

6 Same as 5, but outward 1 — 16 

7 Same, but both circles to the left 1 — 16 

8 Same, but both circles to the right 1 — 16 

Lesson IX, 

Strides and Large Arm Circles. 

Fundamental pos.: Arms straight at sides! 

1 a) Raise fore-arms and stride backward left.. 1 

b) Straighten arms upward and J turn 1. on 
heels 2 

c) Large arm circle forward left 3 — 4 

d) Large arm circle forward right 5 — 6 

e) i turn right and lower arms to pos (a) . . . . 7 

f) Return to starting pos 8 

13 



2 Same, but both clubs forward passing 1. side. .1 — 16 
vSame, but both clubs forward passing r. side 1 — 16 

3 a) Raise fore-arms and stride backw. left.... 1 

b) Straighten arms upw. and J turn 1. on heels 2 

c) f circle inward to pos. sideways and tilt on 
fore-arms and kneel on r. knee 3 — 4 

d) Rise and return swing to pos. upw 5 — 6 

e) 4 turn r. and lower clubs to pos. (a) 7 

f) Lower arms and return 1. foot 8 

Repeat to the right 9 — 16 

4 (a) and (b) same as in ex. 3 1 — 2 

c) f circle outward and tilt on bent arms front 

of chest and bend trunk forw 3- — 4 

d) Straighten and return swing upward 5 — 6 

e) and (f) Return as in ex. 3 7 — 8 

Repeat same to the right 9 — 16 

Lesson X. 

Exercises in Positions. 
Fundamental pos.: Arms straight at sides! 

Ex. 1. 

a) Raise 1. arm forw. obi. upw. 1., right arm backw. 
obi. downw. left (arms diagonal) and lunge 



obi. forw. left and return 1 — 2 

b) Same to the right...: 3— 4 

c) As (a), but lunge obi, backward left 5 — 6 

d) As (b), but lunge obi. backward right 7 — 8 

Repeat a — d, 4 directions 9 — 16 

Ex. 2. 

As ex. 1, lunging to the 4 directions, but raise both 

arms forw. obi. upward 1 — 16 



14 



Ex. 3. 

a) Raise both arms forw. obi. upw. 1. and lunge 

obi. forw. 1 1 

b) Half arm circle down, backw. r. (1. arm remains) 2 

c) As (a) 3 

d) Starting pos 4 

Same right 5 — 8 

Same 1. and r. with the lunging to the rear obi. 9 — 16 

Ex. 4. 

As ex. 3, but add the changing of knee bending 
pos. also turning of head towards clubs 1 — 16 

Ex. 5. 

As ex. 4, but lower both clubs, to one side 1 — 16 

_ Ex. 6. 

a) Raise clubs forw. obi. upw. left and lunge obi. 
forw. left and remain in pos 1 — 2 

b) large arm circle right forw. 1. arm remains. . . .3 — 4 

c) Repeat (b) 5—6 

d) Return to starting pos 7 — 8 

Repeat a — d but to the right 9 — 16 

Same 1. and r. with lunging to rear obi 17 — 32 

Ex. 7. 

As ex. 6, but arm circles with both arms passing on 

side of body 1—32 

Ex. 8. 

As ex. 7, but arm circles backward 1 — 32 

15 



Lesson|XL 



Large Arm Circles with Stride Positions. 
Clubs to position — raise! 

A. 

1 a) Large double arm circle inward to position 

upw. and stride 1, sideways (remain in stride 
position) 1 — 2 

b) f arm circles inward to position sideways 

and tilt on fore-arms, arms straight 3 — 4 

c) Large double arm circle inward to pos. upw. 5 — 6 

d) Arm circle inward to starting pos. and re- 
turn 1. foot 7— 8 

Note : The movement c starts from the pos. 

clubs on fore-arms 

2 Same with stride to right 9 — 16 

3 Repeat 1 and 2 17—32 

B. 

1 a) Large double arm circle outward to pos. 

upw. and stride 1. sideways, (remain in 
stride pos.) 1 — 2 

b) f arm circles outward to pos., arms inward 

and tilt on bent fore-arms, front of chest. . .3 — 4 

c) Large double arm circle outward to pos. 
upw 5 — 6 

d) Large arm circle outward to starting pos. 
return 1. foot 7 — 8 

2 Same with stride right 9 — 16 

3 Repeat 1 and 2 17—32 

C. 

1 a) Large double arm circle to the left to pos. 
upw., and lunge 1. sideways, (remain in 

lunging pos.) 1 — 2 

16 



b) J arm circles to the left, to the position side- 
ways right, and tilt on fore-arms, right arm 
straight, left bent, straighten left knee ... .3 

c) Large arm circles to the left to pos. upw.. .5 

d) Arm circles to the left, and return to start- 
ing pos 7 

2 Same to the right 9 

3 Repeat 1 and 2 17 

Lesson XII. 

Large Arm Circles with Stride Positions. 
Clubs in position — raise! 

A. 

1 a) Large double arm circle inward to pos. upw. 
and stride 1. sidew 1 

b) f double arm circle inward to pos sidew. and 
tilt on fore-arms 3 

c) Large double arm circle outward to pos. 
upw 5 

d) Large double arm circle outward to starting 
pos. and return 1. foot 7 

Repeat but stride right 9 

B. 

As A. beginning outward 1 

C. 

1 a) Large double arm circle to the left to pos. 
upw. and lunge sidew. 1. remain in lunging 

pos 1 

b) J arm circles to the left, to the pos. sidew. 
right, and tilt on fore-arms, right arm 
straight, left bent, straighten left knee... 3 

17 



c) Large arm circle to the left to pos. upw. 5 — 6 

d) Arm circles to the left and return to start- 
ing pos 7 — 8 

2 Same to the right 9— -16 

3 Repeat 1 and 2 17—32 



II. Grade. 

Lesson I. 

Over Swings. 

1 Starting position : Cross clubs over head ! 

a) Circle downw. behind head and shoulders 

to pos. sidew 1 

b) Swing downw. in front and cross clubs over 
head 2 

Repeat a and b 3 — 16 

2 Starting pos. : Arms sidew. obi. upw. ! 

a) Circle toward shoulders to crossed pos. over 
head 1 

b) Swing down inw. in front to pos. sidew. 

obi. upw 2 

Repeat a and b 3 — 16 

3 Standing pos. : Arms obi. upw. 1. ! 

a) Circle downw. behind head and shoulders 

to obi. pos. to right 1 

b) Swing downw. in front to obi. pos. left. ... 2 
Repeat a and b 3 — 16 

4 Same right 1 — 16 

5 Starting pos. : Arms obi. upw. 1. ! 

a) J Hand circle with 1. hand outw. behind 
shoulder, together with a | arm circle right, 
inward in front of body, to obi. pos. sidew. 

upw. right 1 

18 



b) Circle both arms downw. in front (f circle) 
to pos. obi. upw. to the left 

Continue a and b and swing both arms in front 
of body, with 7th count, to starting pos. at 
16th count. 

Same right 1- 

Lesson II. 



■16 



Arm and Lunging Exercises, Alternated with Hand 
Circles Backward and Forward. 



Fundamental pos. : Arms straight at sides ! 

a) Raise clubs forward and 
lunge forw. left 1 

b) Swing arms sidew., change 
bending of knees 2 

c) As a 3 

d) Return to starting pos.... 4 

e) Raise arms forw. upw. with 
hand circles backw. outside 
of arms (Fig. IV) 5 — 6 

f) Lower arms forw. downw. 
with hand circles forw. out- 
side of arms 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

Note. — The hand circle to be executed while the 
arms are in the momentary forw. pos. 

B. 

a) Raise both arms sideways left (1. arm straight 

r. arm bent) and lunge sidew. left 1 

b) Swing arms ^ circle downw. to the pos. sidew. 
right, bend right knee and straighten 1. 2 

19 




c) Swing arms J circle downw. to pos. sidew. 1., 



bend left knee and straighten right 3 

d) Return to starting pos 4 

e) Raise arms forward upw. with hand circles 
backw. inside of arms 5 — 6 

f) Lower forw. downw. with hand circles forw. 

inside of arms to pos. down 7 — 8 

Repeat a to f 3 times 9 — 32 



C. 

a) Raise arms sideways and lunge backw. left. ... 1 

b) Raise arms upw. and change bending of knees. . 2 

c) As a 3 

d) Return to starting pos 4 

e) Raise arms forw. upw. with hand circles backw. 

left outside, right inside of arms 5 — 6 

f) Lower forw. downw. with hand circles forw., 

left outside, right inside 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 



D. 

a) Raise arms sidew. right (r. arm straight, 1. arm 
bent, and lunge sidew. right 1 

b) Swing J arm circles upw. to pos. sidew. left and 
change bending of knees 2 

c) Swing i arm circles upw. to pos. sidew. right 

and change bending of knees 3 

d) Return to starting pos 4 

e) Rise arms forw. upw. with hand circles backw., 

left inside, right outside of arms 5 — 6 

f) Lower forw. downw. with hand circles forw., 

left inside, right outside of arms 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 



20 



Lesson III 



Cross Circles. Arm and Hand Circles. 
Forward and Backward. 
Clubs in starting pos. 

1 a) Large double arm circle forw., pass left side, 

to pos. forw. with straight arms 1 

Note. — The trunk is to be turned. 

b) Double hand circles forw. outside of arms. . 2 

c) Same on right side 3 — 4 

Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

2 As 1, but execute hand circles inside of arms. .1 — 16 

3 a) Large double arm circle backw. pass 1. side, 

to the position forw. with straight arms .... 1 

b) Double hand circles backw. outside of arms 2 

c) Same on right side 3 — 4 

Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

4 As 3, but execute hand circles inside of arms. .1 — 16 

5 a) Large double arm circles forw. pass on 1. 

side 1 

b) Large double arm circles forw. pass on right 
side 2 

c) Double hand circle forw. outside of arms. . 3 

d) Double hand circle forw. outside of arms. . 4 
Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

6 As 5, but arms and hand circles backw 1 — 16 

Lesson IV. 

Rear Lower, "Swing Over" and Combinations. 
Clubs to starting position. 

1 Swing the left back of body height of hips, to- 
gether with the right, which swings in front 
from 1. to.r. height of shoulders, 1) swing both 
to the left height of shoulders, 1. arm straight, r. 
arm bent ; 2) continue these swings with the 8th 
21 



count, change over to the right with a double 
arm circle and continue the swings with the 
right behind body and the left in front 16c 

2 Change over and swing as 1, but change over in 
front to the right with the 4th count and repeat 
to the right — change over to left again, and re- 
peat 3 times 1 — 16 

3 As 2, but change with every 2nd count 1 — 16 



4 Double ^ arm, circle from 1. to r.., right in front 
to height of shoulders, together with left, which 
swings to right in rear, height of hips, and tilt 
both clubs on fore-arms (arms are directed to 

the r.) 1—2 

Return swing from r. to 1. to pos. sidew. 1., right 
arm bent and tilt clubs on fore-arms 3-4, repeat 
these two movements and return to pos. with. . 16 

5 First 4 counts as ex. 4., with 5th count turn 
trunk left and 4 hand circles forw. outside of 

arms, arms bent, 1 — 8. Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 

With the 32nd count omit the hand circle and 
circle downw. to the right, ready to swing same 

to the right side 1 — 32 

6 "Swing over" 1, outw. (J hand circle 1. outw. 
shoulder and head) together 
with arm circle r. inward in 
front of body to the pos. 
sidew. r. 1) circle both in 
front of body to position 
sidew. 1. 2) continue with- 
out returning to starting 
pos. 3 — 8, with the 8th count 
turn trunk to the r. and 
swing a double hand circle 
forw., and continue same 
from r. to 1. (Fig. V) 9—16 

22 




10 



As 6, but change over with the 4th counts and 

repeat 3 times 1 — 16 

As 7, but change every 2nd count 1 — 16 

Combination. 

a) Circle to the 1. and r. with the tilts on fore- 
arms as in ex. 4 1 — 4 

b) Fling clubs to pos. sideways and immediate- 
ly "swing-over" left, with the J arm circle in 
front as in ex. 6 counts 5 — 6 

c) Turn trunk 1. and swing two hand circles 

forw 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

Note. — Omit the hand circles of 32nd count, and 

change over to the right side. 
Repeat ex. 9, but to the right 1 — 32 



Lesson V. 

Arm Circles and Hand Circles Back of Shoulders. 

Clubs in starting position. 

1 a) Arm circle inward left 

hand circle inw. 1. back of shoulders 




arm circle inw. and return 

to starting pos 3 — 4 

b) Same right 5 — 8 

c) Twice with both 9—16 

Repeat 3 times 17 — 64 

2 Same, but outward 1 — 64 

3 Same, but to the left 1 — 64 

4 Same, but to the right. . . . 1 — 64 



5 a) Small arm circle inw. 1. 
b) hand circle 1. back of 
shoulders (right club 

remains) 

23 



1 



Repeat a and b, return to starting pos. with 

8th count, same with right, left club remains. . 9 — 16 



Arm and hand circle with both 1 — 16 

6 As 5, but out ward 1 — 16 

7 As 5, but to the left 1—16 

8 As 7, but to the right 1—16 



Lesson VI. 

Tilts and Arm and Hand Circles Back of Shoulders. 



Clubs in starting position. 

A. 

a) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew., and tilt 
clubs on fore-arms 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle outw. to pos. inw. and tilt 
clubs on bent arms front of chest 3 — 4 

c) Double arm circle inw., with double hand circle 

inw. behind shoulders 5 — 6 

d) Arm circle inw. to starting pos 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

B. 

a) Double arm circle, outward to bent arm, pos. 
inw., and tilt clubs on fore-arms 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle inward to straight, arms 

sidew. and tilt clubs on fore-arms 3 — 4 

c) Double arm circle outward with double hand 
circle outw. back of schoulders 5 — 6 

d) Double arm circle outw. to starting pos 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

C. 

a) Double arm circle to 1. arms sidew., right, r. 
arm straight, 1. arm bent and tilt, clubs on fore- 
arms 1 — 2 

24 



b) Double arm circle to r. to pos. 1. and tilt on for- 
arms, 1. arm straight, r. arm bent, and tilt on 
fore-arms 3 — 4 

c) Double arm circle to the 1. and double hand 
circle back of shoulders 5 — 6 

d) Double arm circle to the 1., and return to start- 
ing pos 5 — 7 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

D. 

Same as c, but start to the right 1 — 32 

Lesson VII. 

Combination of large arm circles, tilts and hand circles, 
back of shoulders. 

A. 

a) 3 large arm circle inward left to obi. pos. sidew. 
upw. and remain 1 — 4 

b) Same inward right (both are obi., sidew. upw.) 5 — 8 

c) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt 
clubs on fore-arms 9 — 10 

d) Double ^ arm circle outw. and tilt clubs on bent 
arms front of chest 11 — 12 

e) Double ^ arm circle inw., hand circle inw. back 
of shoulders; arm circle and return to starting 

pos 13—16 

Repeat 17—32 

B. 

Same outward — 1 — 32 

C. 

a) 3 large double arm circles to the left; with the 
4th count execute J turn to the right, and con- 
tinue swing to pos. forward and tilt clubs on 

fore-arms 1 — 4 

25 



b) double hand circles forw. outside of arms, 
arms slightly bent 5 — 6 

c) Double 4 arm circle forw. passing on r. side, 
with J turn r. to starting pos. (facing rear of 
class) 7 — 8 

d) Double J arm circle to the 1. to pos. sidew. r. 

and tilt on fore-arms 9 — 10 

e) Same to pos. left 11 — 12 

f) Double arm circle to the 1. and hand circle back 

of shoulders and return to starting pos 13 — 16 

Repeat and return to front 17 — 32 

D. 

Same beginning to right 1 — 32 



Lesson VIII. 

Steps combined with arm and hand circles. 

Clubs to starting pos.: 

1 a) Two double small arm circles to the left. . 1 — 4 



b) Two steps sideways left 5 — 8 

c) and d) As a and b, but to the right 9 — 16 

2 Same beginning to right 1 — 16 

3 As 1, but execute steps and clubs to 1, simul- 
taneously 1 — 4 

Same right 5 — 8 

Repeat left and right 9 — 16 

4 a) Two double small arm circles to the left, 

with 2 steps sidew. left 1— 4 

b) Double arm circle sidew. left 5 

c) Double hand circle to the left back of 
shoulders 6 

d) Double arm circle to the 1., and return to 
starting pos 7 — 8 

26 



Same to right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

5 As ex. 4, but with the 5th count lunge sidew. 
left, and remain during 6 and 7 counts, return 

with 8th 1—8 

Same right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

6 a) Two double small arm circles inward 1 — 4 

bj Two after steps forward 5 — 8 

c) Same as a 9 — 12 

d) Two steps backw. left 13 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

7 As 6, but execute club and steps forw. simulta- 
neously 1— 4 

Return backward 5 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 17—32 

8 a) Two double small arm circles inward, to- 

gether with 2 steps forw 1 — 4 

b) Double arm circle inward 5 

c) Double hand circle inward rear of shoulder 6 

d) Double arm circle inw. and return to start- 
ing pos 7 — 8 

Same with steps backw 9 — 16 

9 Ex. 6, 7, 8, but start the steps backward, and 

the arm and hand circles outward 1 — 16 

10 As 8, with circles inward 1 — 8 

and return with circles outward 9 — 16 



27 



Lesson IX. 

Hand Circles Back of Shoulder and Front Lower. 

A. 



Clubs to starting pos. 




a) Arm circle left inw. 
and hand circle back 

of shoulder 1 — 2 

b) Arm circle 1. inward 
and front lower hand 
circle inward, arm 
straight (Fig. VII).. 3— 4 
Repeat 3 times ....5 — 16 

c) Same with the right 
arm 4 times 1 — 16 

d) Same with both arms 

4 times 1 — 16 

B. 



As A, but outward 48 counts 

C. 

a) Arm circle left outward, and hand circle out- 
ward, back of shoulder 1 — 2 

b) Arm circle 1. outw. and front lower hand circle 
outw., arm straight 3 — 4 

c) Arm circle r. inward, and hand circle inw. back 

of r. shoulder 5 — 6 

d) Arm circle r. inw. and front lower hand circle 

inw., arm straight 7 — 8 

With both arms to the left 3 times 9 — 32 



As C, but to opposite direction 

28 



1—32 



Lesson X 



Double hand circles back of shoulders and front lower 
with step positions. 



a) Double arm circle inward with step pos. forw. 

left and return 1 — 2 

b) Repeat arm circle, but step pos. forw. right and 
return 3 — 4 

c) Double arm circle inward and hand circle inw. 
back of shoulders 5 — 6 

d) Double arm circle inward, front lower hand 

circle inward, and return to starting pos 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

B. 

As A, but the arm and hand circles outward, 
and step pos. backw 1 — 32 

C. 

a) Double arm circle to the left, with stride sidew. 

1. and cross right in rear 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle to the left, with stride sidew. 

r. and cross 1. in rear 3 — 4 

c) Double arm circle to the left and double hand 
circle back of shoulders 5 — 6 

d) Double arm circle left and front lower hand 

circle to the left, and return to pos 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 

D. 



As C to opposite direction 

29 



1—32 



Lesson XI. 



Combination of front upper and front lower hand circles. 

A. 

a) Double arm circle inward, 
and front upper hand circle 
(straight arms) inward 1 — 2 

b) Double J arm circle inw. and 
front lower hand circle 3 — 4 

c) 3 large or straight arm circles 
inw 5 — 7 

d) Return to starting pos 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

B. 

Same comb, outward 1 — 32 

C. 

Same comb, to the left 1 — 32 

Same comb, to the right 1 — 32 




Lesson XII. 

Combination of front lower, rear of shoulders and front 
upper hand circles. 

A. 

Clubs in starting pos.: 

a) Double arm circle inw. and fron lower hand 
circle 1 — 2 

b) Large double arm circle inw. and hand circles 
back of shoulders 3 — 4 

c) Large double arm circle inw., and front upper 
hand circles 5 — 6 

30 



d) Large double arm circle inw. to starting pos. . .7 — 8 



Repeat 3 times 9—32 

B. 

Same but outward 1 — 32 

C. 

Same but to the left 1—32 

D. 

Same but to the right 1—32 



III. Grade. 

Clubs to starting pos. Fig. F. for all lessons. 
Lesson I. 

Three hand circles back and front of shoulders and front 
lower with steps. 

A. 

a) Double arm circle inward and 3 double hand 
circles back of shoulders 1 — 4 

b) Double J arm circle inw. and 3 front lowxr hand 

circles and to starting pos 5 — 8 

together with: Step sidew. 1. 5, cross r. leg 
backw. and bend 1. knee 6, side step r. 7, close heels 8. 

Repeat a and b 3 times 9 — 32 

Same outward but steps to the right 1 — 32 

Same both to the left, steps to the left 1 — 32 

Same both to the right, steps to the right 1 — 32 

B. 

a) Double arm circle inw., and three double hand 

circles in front of shoulders (bent arms) 1 — 4 

31 



Repeat 3 times 



5—16 



Note. — The position of the arm for the hand circle 
in front of shoulders is the same as for the hand' 
circle back of shoulders. 

b) Same outward to the right and left 48 counts 

Lesson II. 

Hand circles back and front of shoulders — strides and 

turns. 

1 Double arm circle inward with 3 hand circles 

inward viz : one back of shoulder ; one in 

front, and one behind again 1 — 4 

Note. — Return to starting pos, with 5th count and 
start the step pos. 

2 Step sideways 1. 5, — cross r. foot front of 1. 

6, — ^ turn 1. (on toes) 7, — remain in pos. 8 



Repeat 1 and 2 9—16 

3 As 1, but outward 1 — 4 

4 As 2, but to the right 5— 8 

5 As 1, but both to the left 1— 4 



6 Double arm circle left and double hand circle 

back of shoulders 5 — 6; double arm circle 1. and 

double lower front hand circle 7 — ^^8; together 

with one step sideways 1. 5, — cross r. foot 

front of 1. 6 — J turn 1. 7, — remain 8. 

Note. — With the 8th count the swing ends to the 
pos. sidew. 1. ready to repeat 3 times. 

9—32 

7 As ex. 6, but to the right 1—32 

Lesson III. 

**Horizontal Swing Over." 

1 a) Double J arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. 1 ; 
b) Double horizontal "swing over" to pos. 
inw., arms bent, clubs pointing sidew. outw. 
32 




2; — repeat a and b 3 times and return to 
starting pos 3 — 8 

Explanation. — Preliminary movements for this inward hori- 
zontal "swing over": From 
the pos. arms sidew. move 
the arms forw., and place 
clubs on fore-arms 1; con- 
tinue arm movement, to bent 
arm pos. in front of chest, left 
above, moving the club at the 
same time, the left club point- 
jY iiig sidew. r., the r. sidew. 

-L^ left 2; these two movements 

in (b) are executed in one 
count. (Fig. IX) 

2 a) Double ^ arm circle outw. to bent arm. pos. 

inw. height of shoulders, left arm above 1 ; 
b) Double horizontal '^swing over" outw. 2; 
Repeat a and b 3 times and return to start- 
ing pos 3 — 8 

Explanation. — Preliminary movements for this outw. 
"swing over": With the movement (a) the arms are 
bent in front of chest, move arms forw. and place clubs 
on fore-arms 1; arms and clubs are moved sidew. 2; 
these two movements in (b) are executed in one count. 

3 a) Double ^ arm circle to left to the pos. side- 

ways right, 1. arm bent, r. arm straight 1 ; 
b) Double horizontal ''swing over" to the left 
2; — repeat a and b 3 times, and return to 
starting pos 3 — 8 

4 As 3, but to the right 1—8 

Lesson IV. 

Horizontal "Swing Over" and Hand Circle in Front of 

Shoulder. 
A. 

a) Double ^ arm circle inw. to pos. sidew 1 

b) Double horizontal ''swing over" to pos. inw.. 2 
Repeat a and b 3 — 4 

33 



c) Double arm circle inw. and one hand circle in 
front of shoulders, arms bent 5 — 6 

d) Repeat c 7—8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

B. 

Same combination outward 32 c. 

C. 

Same left and right, each 32 counts. 

Lesson V. 

Front Upper and Lower Rear Hand Circles. 



a) Arm circle 1. inw. and front upper hand circle. .1- — 2 

b) Arm circle r. inw. and lower rear hand circle. . .3— 4 
Continue 5 — 16 

Note. — At the 3rd count as the r. club begins to 
circle, the 1. is returned to starting pos. with the 
the 5th count the r. returns to starting pos. and 
the 1. begins. 

Same outw., to the left and right. 
II. 

a) Double arm circle inw. with 
double upper hand circle 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle inw. with 
double lower rear hand circle 

(Fig. XI) 3-4 

Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

Same outw., to the left and rigfht. 




III. 



a) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew 1 

b) ''Swing over" back of shoulders to crossed pos. 

overhead 2 

Repeat a and b 3 — 4 

34 



c) Double arm circle inw. with double upper hand 
circle 5- 

d) Double arm circle inw. with double lower rear 

hand circle 7- 

Repeat 3 times 9- 

Same outward; to the left and right. 




Lesson VI. 

Horizontal Circles. 

a) f double arm circle inward to pos. sidew. . . 

b) Double horizontal 
hand circle inw. 
(movement begins 
forw.) to bent arm 
pos. front of chest. 

(Fig. X) 
Continue a and b 
and return to start- 
starting po. with the 8th or 16th count. 

a) i double arm circle outward to pos. inw,. . 

b) Double horizontal hand circle outward 
(movement begins forw.) and end to ex- 
tended arms sidew 

Continue a and b and return to starting pos. 
with 8th or 16th count. 

a) I Double arm circle left, to position side- 
ways right, r. arm straight, 1. arm bent. . . . 

b) Double horizontal hand circle left, together 
with J horiz. double arm circle to the left, 1. 
arm straight, r. arm bent 

Continue a and b and return to starting pos. 

with 8th or 16th count. 
As 3, but begin to the right 



35 



Lesson VII. 



Combination of Horizontal, Front-Upper and Lower- 



Rear Hand Circles. 
A. 

a) Double arm circle inward with horizontal hand 

circle, to bent arm pos. front of chest 1 — 2 

Repeat 3 — 4 

b) Double arm circle inw. with front upper hand 
circles, and 5 — 6 

c) Lower rear hand circle (Lesson V, Ex. 3) 7 — 8 

Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 

B. 



Same outw. to the left and right, each 32 counts. 

Lesson VIII. 

Hand Circles Over and Under Opposite Shoulders. 

A. 

a) Double arm circle to the left 1 

b) Double hand circle over left shoulder, the r. 




hand outw. over left shoulder, the 1. hand circle 
executed outw. with extended arm (Fig-. XII) 2 

a and b continued 3 — 16 

36 



B. 

Same opposite 1 — 16 

C. 

As A, but the r. hand circle is executed outw. 
under left shoulder (Fig. XIII) 1—16 

D. 

Same opposite 1 — 16 

E. 

a) Double arm circle to the left and double hand 
circle back of shoulders 1 — 2 

b) Double hand circle over left shoulder, r. hand 
over 1. shoulder, 1. hand circle back of 1. arm, 1. 
arm extended sidew 3 

c) Right hand circle under r. shoulder, 1. hand 

circle behind 1. arm, 1. arm extended sidew 4 

Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

F. 

Same to the right 1 — 16 



Lesson IX. 

Double Hand Circle Outw. and Inw. Over One Shoulder 

A. 

a) Double arm circle to the ift... 1 

b) Double hand circle outw. over and back of left 
shoulder (as. Fig. XII) but 1. arm to be bent) 2 

c) Double arm circle to the left 3 

d) Double hand circle inward over and back of 

right shoulder 4 

Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

Same to the right 1 — 16 

37 



B. 

a) Double arm circle to the 1. with stride sidew. 1.; 
t turn right and stride backw. right, kneel r. and 

tilt clubs on fore-arms 1 — 2 

b) Two hand circles forw. outside of arms 3 — 4 

Rise, step forw. r. J turn 1. with closing step and 
start with: 

Exercise a, b, c, d, of A 5 — 8 

Repeat 9—16 

Same to the right 1 — 16 



Lesson X. 

Various Combinations. 

a) Double arm circle to the 1. to pos. sidew. r. side- 
step. 1 1 

b) ''Swing over" right, left lower ^ arm circle and 
close step, both to pos. sidew. 1 2 

c) Repeat a 3 

d) "Swing over" left, right lower J arm circle and 
close step, both to pos. sidew. 1 4 

e) Double J circle to 1. to pos. sidew. r 5 

f) Double horizontal circle from r. to 1. with J turn 

1. to pos. forw 6 

g) 2 hand circles forw. outside of bent arms 7 — 8 

Continue the following "cross swings" on the 

r. and 1. side of body, feet remain, trunk turned : 

h) i Double arm circle forw. and double lower 
hand circle 9 — 10 

i) Double hand circle height of shoulders, arms 
pointing rear, 1. arm bent r. arm straight 11 

k) Double upper hand circles forw 12 

Repeat h, i and k on left side 13 — 16 

Note. — During the double hand circle height of shoulder, 
the club is twirled same as for the upper circle. 
38 



Repeat 3 times and continue the J turns and 

steps forming a square 17 — 64 

Same beginning to the right 1 — 64 

Lesson XI. 

DISSIMILAR CIRCLES. 
In the dissimilar circles, the arm circles of one arm and 
the hand circle of the other are executed simultanously. 

A. 

1 a) Double arm circle in- 
ward 1 

b) The left continues the 
arm circle, while the 
r. executes one hand 
circle inw. back of 
shoulders (Fig. XIV).... 2 
Repeat a and b 3 — 16 

2 Same, but execute hand 
circle with left, and 
the arm circle with 
right 1—16 

3 1 and 2 to be alternated 1 — 16 

B. 

As A, but outward. 

C. 

Both to left and right. 

Lesson XIL 

Dissimilar Circles — Horizontal and Lower Rear 



A. 

1 a) Double arm circle inw 1 

b) The left continues the arm circle, while the 
right executes one hand circle back of 

shoulders 2 

39 




c) Double arm circle inw 3 

d) The right continues the arm circle, while 
the left executes one hand circle back of 
shoulders 4 

e) Double arm circle inw. and double horizon- 
tal hand circle inw., arms crossed.. 5 — 6 

f) Double arm circle with double lower rear 

hand circle inw 7 — 8 

Continue a to f 9 — 32 

Note. — Omit the rear hand circle when returning 
to starting position. 

B. 

Same but outward 1 — 32 

C. 

Same but to the left 1—32 

D. 

Same but to the right 1 — 32 



IV. Grade 

Starting pes. : Fig. F. for all Lessons. 

Lesson I« 

Dissimilar Circles. 
A. 

a) Four hand circles inward left, back of shoulder, 
together with four large arm circles inward r.. .1 — 4 

b) As a but the" hand circles inward with right 
back of shoulders, and the arm circle inw. with 

L arm 5 — 8 

Repeat 9 — 16 

Note. — a and b to be executed alternately without 
returning: to starting pos, 
40 



c) and d) As a and b, but each- circle to be executed 

twice (instead of 4 times) and repeated 1 — 16 

e) and f) once and repeated 1 — 16 

B. 

As A, from a to f, but execute circles outward 48 c. 

C. 

As A, from a to f, but execute circles to the left 48 c. 

Note. — With (a), the left hand circles outward back 
of shoulders, together with the arm circle right 
inward; with (b), the right hand circle swings 
inward, and the left arm circle outward. 

D. 

As C, but to the right 48 c. 

Lesson 11. 

Horizontal Circles Combined with Dissimilar Arm and 
Hand Circles Back of Shoulders. 

A. 

a) f double arm circle inward and double horizon- 
tal hand circle inward left above 1 — 2 

Repeat 3— 4 

b) One hand circle inward left, back of shoulders, 
together with one arm circle inw. right (front 

of body) 5 

Same with right hand circle inw. back of shoul- 
ders and left arm circle front of body 6 

Repeat b 7—8 

c) As a and b, but with a swing r. above and with 

b begin hand circle with the right 9 — 16 

Repeat a, b and c continuously. 17 — 32 

B. 

a) f double arm circle outw. and double horizon- 
tal hand circle outward .1 — 2 

41 



Repeat 3 — 4 

b) Hand and arm circles as in A, b„ but outward 5 — 6 
Repeat b 7 — 8 

c) As a, b, c in A, but outward 9 — 32 

C. 

Like above, but both to the left (hand circle 1. 

outw. at 5) 1—8 

Repeat 3 times 9 — 32 

D. 

Like C, but both to the right (hand circle r. 

outw. at 5) 1— 8 

Repeat 3 times 9—32 

Lesson III. 

Horizontal Circles Above and Below Arm, Combined 
with Dissimilar Arm and Hand Circles 
Over Opposite Shoulders. 

A. 

a) f double arm circle to the left 1 

b) Double horrizontal circles to the left, above the 

arms, and turn trunk left 2 

follow immediately with : 

c) Double horizontal 
■ under thr arms. 3 

d) and again above 
the arms (Fig. 

TV XV) 4 

Repeat 3 times and return to starting pos. by 

omitting the last two circles 5 — 16 

Note.— -At c change hold from handle to knob, to 
enable a smooth execution. 

B. 

Same but to the right 1 — 16 

42 




c. 

a, b, c, d, of A 1— 4 

e) 4 double arm circle left and hand circles back 

of shoulders 5 — 6 

f) Right hand circle outward over 1. shoulder and 
then under shoulder, at the same time the left 
arm is extended sidew. and executes two hand 

circles outw 7 — 8 

Repeat a to f, 3 times with the 31st and 32nd 
count, omit the hand circles and return to start- 
ing pos 9 — 32 

D. 

As C, but to the right 1—32 



Lesson IV. 

Dissimilar Lower Rear, Front Upper and Horizontal 

Circles. 

A. 

a) Swing to the left, lower rear hand circle outw. 
left, together with large arm and front upper 
hand circle inw. right, both ending to straight 



arm pos. upw 1 — 2 

Repeat 3 times 3 — 8 

b) Same but reverse the hand circles, lower rear 
inw. right the upper outAv. left 9 — 16 

B. 

Execute a and b once each 1 — 4 

Repeat 5 — 8 

c) J double arm circle 1. to pos. sidew. r 9 

d) horz. circle inw. right, together with lower 

•| arm circle outw. both ending sidew. 1 10 

e) double lower J arm circle to pos. sidew. r 11 

43 



f) horz. circle oiitw. 1., together with lower | arm 



circle outw. r. both ending to pos. sidew. 1 12 

Repeat c to f 13—16 

Repeat all of B 17—32 

C. 

Repeat A and B, but to the right 1—32 



Lesson V. 

Follow (Mill) Circles. 
The Follow or commonly called Mill circles consist 
of arm or hand circles in the same direction executed 
successively. 

Compare the rythm with a measure in music, con- 
taining 4 notes, two notes having the value of one count, 
thus: 

I J J J J I 

The counts one, two etc. are the leading movements, 
while "and" designates the same movement followed by 
the other arm. 

PREPARATORY EXERCISES. 
Cross Circles. 
Both arms extended upward: 

1 Large arm circle forw. left — 1, follow with 



right ("and") continue 1—8 

2 Same backward 1 — 8 

3 Large arm circle forw. left — 1, follow arm 
circle with right "and" hand circle forw. 1. 
height of shoulders bent arm — 2, follow with 
right hand circle "and" continue 1 — 8 

44 



4 Large arm circle forw. 1. — 1, follow with r. 
forw. passing on 1. side, turn trunk 1. "and" 
hand circle inw. 1. back of 1. shoulder — 2, follow 
with r. hand circle forw. outside of arm, turn 
trunk forw. again ''and" continue 1 — 8 

5 Same on opposite side 1 — 8 

6 4 and 5 alternately 1 — 16 

Lesson VI. 

Follow or Mill Arm and Hand Circles Inward and 
Outward in Front of Body. 

1 Small arm circle left inw. — 1, follow with right 
inw. "and" 4 times=:4 counts 1 — 4 

2 Front lower hand circle 1. inw — 1, follow with 
righl inw. "and" 4 times=4 counts 5 — 8 

3 Large arm circle 1. inw. — 1, follow with r. inw. 
"and" 4 times=4 counts 9 — 12 

4 Front upper hand circle 1. inw. — 1, follow with 

r. inw. "and" 4 tinies=4 counts 13 — 16 

5 Large arm circle 1. inw. — 1, follow with r. arm 
circle inw. "and" hand circle 1. inw. back of 
shoulders — 2, follow with r. hand circle backw. 
"and" 4 times=8 counts 17 — 24 

6 |- arm circle 1. inw. — 1, follow same with 1. inw. 

"and" horizontal hand circle 1. inw. — 2, follow 

same with right "and" 4 times=:8 counts. . . .25 — 32 

Note. — Ex. ] — 6 to be executed consecutively return- 
ing to starting pos. with the 32nd count. 
Exercise 1 — 6 same but outward 1 — 32 

Lesson VII. 

Follow Circles to the Left and Right. 
A. 

a) Arm circle right inw. — 1, followed by arm circle 
1. outw. "and" hand circle r. inw. back of shoul- 

45 



der — 2, followed by hand circle 1. outw. back of 
shoulder '*and" turn trunk 1. and two follow 

circles forward outside of bent arms 3 — 4 

Repeat 5—8 

b) Arm circle r. inw. — 9, followed by arm circle 1. 
outw. "and" hand circle r. outw. over left shoul- 
der — 10, followed by hand circle outw. back of 
the sideways extended arm *'and" 



Continue and repeat 3 times 11 — 16 

Repeat a and b continuousl}^ 17 — 64 

B. 

Same but to the right .64 c. 



Lesson VIII* 

Single and Double Spirals or Serpents. 

These exercises are considered difficult for class 
work, but if the leader is master of them, and develops 
the movements carefully and by degrees, it is surprising 
how soon the student learns them. 
Single spiral (2 counts). 

1 a) Arm circle right outw. to obi. pos. sidew. 

upw 1 

b) Drop club in front of fore-arm, changing to 
a firm hold, and lead hand to r. shoulder, 
club is now in a vertical pos. 

c) Lead hand and club over r. shoulder and 
fling club outw. (similar to hand circle out- 
ward back of shoulder) to obi. pos. upw. 

(Fig. XVI) 2 



46 



X2I 



Continue in two counts to 16 

Return to starting pos. with 16 

2 Same with left, then with both arms 



Double Spiral — 4 counts. 




1 a) Arm circle r. inw. to pos. sidew. and imme- 
diately fling horz. backw. to a horz. pos. 
above arm (Fig. XVII) 1— 2 



b) Circle club horizontally forw., then under 
the arm horizontally. (Fig. XVIII, XIX 

and XX) 3 

47 



c) Lead hand and club over r. shoulder and 
fling club outw. to obi. pos. and circle down- 
ward to horz., bent arm pos. front of chest 
(Fig. XXI) 4 




Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

2 Same with the left, then with both arm.s. 

Lesson IX. 

Combinations including single spiral and horizontal 
follow circles. 

A. 

a) Double arm circle to the right, with hand circles 

right back of the ex- 
tended arm and left 
in front of right 
shoulder (Fig. XXII) 1—2 
b) Right arm swings 
single spiral, while 
the left swings an 
arm circle inward, 
and hand circle inw. 
back of shoulders . . . 3 — 4 
48 




Repeat 3 times 5 — 16 

Same to the left 17—32 

B. 

As a and b of A 1 — 4 

c) Double horizontal arm and hand circle to the 
right in a follow movement 5 — 6 

d) Repeat c «7-- 8 

Repeat a — d 3 times 9 — 32 

Same to the left 1—32 



Lesson X. 

Various combinations including the double spiral. 



A. 

a) Double arm circle inw. with double front lower 
hand circle 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt 

on fore-arms 3 — 4 

c) Double 4 arm circle outw., arms crossed height 
of shoulders, horizontal double spiral movement 
outward, club passes under and over the arm 

and ends back of shoulder 5 — 6 

d) Double | arm circle outw. to starting pos 7 — 8 

e) Double J arm circle outw. with double spiral 
movement as in c 9 — 10 

f) Double I arm circle outw., and tilt clubs on 
fore-arms front of chest 11 — 12 

g) Double ^ arm circle inward with front lower 
hand circle 13 — 14 

h) Double large arm circle inw. to starting pos. .15 — 16 
Repeat 17—32 

B. 

a) Double arm circle inw., and horizontal hand 

circle inw. arms front of chest 1 — 2 

49 



b) Double J arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt 

on fore-arms 3 — 4 

c) d) Spiral movement as c — d in A 5 — 8 

e) f) Spiral movement as e — f in A 9 — 12 

g) Double -J arm circle inw. with horizontal circle 

as in a 13 — 14 

h) Double large arm circle inw. to starting pos. .15 — 16 
Repeat 17—32 

C. 

a) Double arm circle inw. and hand circle back 

of shoulders 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sideways, and 

tilt clubs on fore-arms 3 — 4 

c, ti) Spiral movement as c — d in A 5 — 8 

e, f) Spiral movement as e — f in A, (tilt on fore- 
arms) 9 — 12 

g) Double i arm circle inw. and hand circle back 

of shoulders 13 — 14 

h) Double large arm circle inw. to starting pos. .15 — 16 
Repeat 17—32 

D. 

a) Double arm circle inw. and lower rear hand 
circles , 1 — 2 

b) Double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt 
clubs on fore-arms 3 — 4 

c, d) Spiral movement etc. as c, d in A 5 — 8 

e, f) Spiral movement etc. as e, f in A (on fore- 
arms 9 — 12 

g) Double i arm circle inw. and lower rear hand 
circle 13 — 14 

h) Double large arm circle inw. to starting pos. .15 — 16 
Repeat 17—32 



50 



Exhibition Drills 

Contributed by the Physical Directors : 

FRANK GERLICH, 
Waller High School, Chicago, 111. 

HENRY SUDER, 
Supervisor of Physical Education, Chicago, 111. 

JOS. CERMACK, 
Medill High School, Chicago, 111. 

A. E. KINDERVATER, 
Supervisor of Physical Training, St. Louis, Mo. 

C. F. WEEGE, M. D. 
Farragut High School, Chicago, 111. 

C. F. KOCH, 
Public Schools, Pittsburg, Pa. 



Exhibition Drill with one club 

-by- 
F. GERLICH. 

Starting pos. : Club in right hand, left hand on hip. 
Part I. 

Ex. 1. Small arm circle right, outw. 1 — 2; repeat. 3 — 
with the 4th count swing club outw. to 
horizontal pos. in front of chest, 1. hand 
grasps the base end, the right hand the 
knob. (Fig. 1.) 

SI 



Place r. foot backw., bend trunk forw. and 

straighten arms downw. (Fig. 2) 5 

Raise and return foot 6; 5 and 6 to be 
repeated 7 — 8 

With the 8th count change club in start- 
ing pos. to the 1. hand, r. hand on hip, and 

repeat same 9 — 16 

Repeat right and left 17 — 32 

Note. — The changing of the starting pos., from 1. 
to r. and r. to 1. will hereafter be considered self- 
evident in all the exercises. 




Ex. 2. Small arm circle r. inw. 1 — 2; repeat. . 3 — 4 
with the 4th count in front of chest as 
above. Place r. foot forw., bend trunk 
backw. and straighten arms upw. (Fig. 3) 5 
Raise and return, 6; 5 — 6 to be repeated. 7 — 8 

Change club and repeat with left 9 — 16 

Repeat right and left 17—32 

Ex. 3. Three large arm circles r. outw., 4th count 

front of chest 1 — 4 

Place r. foot sidew., bend trunk sidew. r. 

and straighten arms upw. (Fig. 4) 5 

52 



1 



Return 6, 5 — 6 to be repeated 7 — 8 '■ 

Change club and repeat to the left 9 — 16 

Repeat right and left 17 — 32 

Ex. 4. Three large arm circles inw., 4th count 

front of chest 1 — 4 j 

Cross r. foot backw., turn trunk r. and j 

straighten arms forw., 5 ; return 6 ; 5 — 6 j 

to be repeated 7 — 8 ^ 

Change club and repeat to left 9 — 16 1 

Repeat right and left 17—32 | 

Part II. j 

Ex. 1. Arm circle outw. 1. and tilt club on bent ■ 
arm front of chest 1 — 2 ; straighten club 



outw. from the bent arm pos. and repeat 3 — 4 
I circle outw. to bent arm pos. front of 
chest, club straight in line with fore-arm 
together with stride sidew. 1., 5; cross r. 
foot backw. and bend 1. knee, turn trunk 
to the right, and incline forw., 6; Stride r. 
sidew. and close 1., and swing club to 
starting pos., and change club to r. hand. 7 — 8 

Repeat right 9 — 16 

Repeat right and left 17--32 




53 



1 



Ex. 2. As , but inward 1 — 4 

swing inw. 1. to horiz. pos. overhead to- 
gether with stride sidew. 1 5 

Cross r. foot backw., bend 1. knee, bend 
trunk backw. and turn trunk r. as in Ex. 1 6 
Return with circle outw. and change club 

to r. hand 7— 8 

Repeat left 9—16 

Repeat right and left 17—32 

Ex. 3. Arm circle outw. 1. and tilt club on bent 

arm 1 — 2 

Circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt club on 

fore-arm 3 — 4 

Stride sidew. 1., cross r. foot backw., and 
bend 1. knee together with circle outw. 1., 
and place body of club in r. hand (Fig. 5) 5 — 6 
Wind right downw., bend trunk forw., 
base of club touching floor, trunk is 
turned to right (Fig. 6) 7 




Ex. 4. Same as Ex. 3 1 — 4 

Same but wind upw., and bend trunk 

backw., trunk is turned r. (Fig. 7) 5 — 8 

Repeat right 9~ie 

Repeat left and right 17—32 

Part III. 

Ex. 1. Arm and front lower hand circle outw. left 1 — 2 
Repeat 3 — 4 



Continue circle outw. to pos. sidew. obi. 
upw., bend arm and place base of club on 
shoulder, together with following foot 
exercise : 

Stride 1. sidew. ; stride right backw. and 



kneel r. (Fig. 8) 5—6 

rise and return to pos 7 — 8 

Same to right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

Ex. 2. As Ex. 1, but circle inw 1 — 4 



Continue arm circle to pos. upw., drop, 
club against fore-arm, together with fol- 
lowing foot ex. : 

Stride 1. sidew., J turn r., stride right 
backw. on toes and kneel left (Fig. 9) . . . 5 — 6 
Rise to fundamental pos. and swing upw. 



to starting pos. and change 7 — 8 

Same to right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

Ex. 3. Arm circle and horiz. hand circle outw. 

1. to pos. sidew 1 — 2 

J arm citcle with front lower hand circle. 3 — 4 
continue arm circle outw. to pos. sidew. 
obi. upw., lunge sidew. 1. and remain in 

pos 5 — 6 

55 



Return to pos. circle outw., and change to 



right 7—8 

Same to right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

Ex. 4. As ex. 4, but inward 1 — 4 

J turn 1., lunge 1. forw. and raise club for- 
ward obi. upw 5 

Remain in pos 6 

Return to pos. and swing outw 7 — 8 

Same to right 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

Note. — Eyes to be turned towards club. 



Exhibition Drill 

-by- 
HENRY SUDER. 



Part I. 

Clubs to starting pos. ! 

Ex. 1. 

a) Arm and front lower hand circle left inw 1 — 2 

Arm and front lower hand circle right inw 3 — 4 

b) Same with both clubs and repeat 5 — 8 

c) double arm circle inw. to pos. sidew. and tilt 
clubs on fore-arms 9 

d) move fore-arms towards chest and rise on toes 10 

e) extend sideways and lower heels 11 

f) clubs to starting pos 12 

g) swing clubs backw. obi. downw. to the 1. and 
lunge forw. r. and remain in pos 13, 14, 15 



Return to starting pos. with the 16th count. 

56 



Ex. 2. 

Like ex. 1, but with "g" swing clubs backw. 

obi. downw. to the r. and lunge forw. 1 1 — 16 

Note. — The following exercises are based upon the 
first exercise, but different arm and hand circles 
are substituted and trunk, leg or foot exercises 
have been changed. 

Ex. 3. 

Like ex. 1, but with a, b, substitute arm and hand 
circles inw. back of shoulders; with "d" bend trunk 
forw., with "g" swing clubs backw. obi. upw. to the 
1. and lunge backw. 1. 

Ex. 4. 

Like ex. 3, but with "g" swing clubs backw. obi. upw. 
to the r. and lunge backw. r. 

Ex. 5. 

Like ex. 1, but with a, b, substitute arm and front upper 
hand circles; with ''d" bend knees; with "g" swing 
clubs sidew. obi. downw. to the left and lunge sidew. 
right. 

Ex. 6. 

Like ex, 5, but with ''g" swing clubs sidew. obi. downw. 
right and lunge sidew. left. 

Ex. 7. 

Like ex. 1, but with a, b, substitute rear lower hand 
circles, with "d" bend trunk backw., with "g" swing 
clubs sidew. obi. upw. to the 1. and lunge sidew. right. 

Ex. 8. 

Like ex. 7, but with ''g" swing clubs sidew. obi. upw. to 
the right and lunge sidew. left. 

57 ^ . 



Part n. 



Ex. 1. 

a) Arm and front lower hand circle left outv/ 1 — 2 

Arm and front lower hand circle right inw .... 3 — 4 

b) Same with both clubs to the left and repeat. . . . 5 — 8 

c) Double arm circle to the 1. to pos. sidew. right, 
and tilt clubs on fore-arms and place 1. foot 
sidew 9 

d) Move arms to the 1. and rise on toes 10 

e) Move arms sidew. to the r. and place r. foot 
sidew 11 

f) Clubs to starting pos. and replace 1. foot 12 

g) Raise 1. club overhead to ''strike" and swing r. 
club, backw. obi. down and lunge forw. 1. and 

remain in pos 13, 14, 15 

Return to starting pos. with the 16th count. 



Like ex. 1, but at "c" place r. foot sidew. and at "g" raise 
r. club to "strike" overhead and swing 1. club backw. 
obi. downw,. 

Ex. 3. 

Like ex. 1, but with a, b, substitute arm and hand circles 
to the left back of shoulders; with ''c" bend trunk 
sidew. 1.; with ''g" raise 1. club overhead to ''strike"^ 
swing r. club sidew. obi. downw. to the r. and lunge 
sidew. 1. 

Ex. 4. 

Like ex. 3, but at ''c" place r. foot sidew. and bend trunk 
sidew. right; with ''g" raise r. club to ''strike" over- 
head, swing 1. club sidew. obi. downw. and lunge 
sidew. right. 

58 



Ex. 5. 

Like ex. 1, but substitute arm and lower rear hand 
circles; with "c" place 1. foot sidew. cross r. foot 
backw. with bending of knees and bending of trunk 
forw^; at "g" raise 1. club over r. shoulder to strike, 
right club across small of back, and lunge forw. 1. 

Ex. 6. 

Like ex, 5, but vice-versa. 

Ex. 7. 

Like ex. 1, but substitute arm and horizontal hand circle 
forw. from r. to 1.; with ''c" place 1. foot sidew. cross 
r. foot backw. and bend trunk backw., at "g" raise r. 
club over 1. shoulder to strike, r. club behind back and 
lunge backw. 1. 

Ex. 8. 

Like ex. 7, but vice-versa. 



Exhibition Drill 

-by- 
JOS. CERMAK. 

Part I. 

^ A. 

a) Double ^ arm circle to the right to pos. forw. and 
tilt clubs on fore-arms together with stride side- 
ways right and J turn 1. and stride backw. 1. . . .1 — 2 

b) Double -J arm circle forw. and I turn 1. arms to 
pos. forw. and tilt clubs on fore-arms. 3 — 4 

59 



c) Double J arm circle forw. and step forw. right, 



arms to pos. sidew. 1. and tilt clubs on fore-arms 

with a i turn to 1. and close 1. heel to r 5 — 6 

d) Double i arm circle to 1. to pos. sidew. r. and 

horz. circle forw. from r. to 1. arms sidew. 1 7 — 8 

Without returning to starting pos. continue. 

B. 

a) Two follow steps sidew. 1. together with four 
double front lower hand circles to 1 1 — 4 

b) Swing sidew. obi. upw. to r. in pos. and lunge 
sidew. 1., bend trunk sidew. 1. and remain 5 — 6 



c) Change pos. by swinging clubs downw. to obi. 

pos. upw. left, and bend r. knee, and remain .... 7- — 8 
Start the first movement of C and close r. foot 



to 1. to fundamental pos. 

C. 

a) Double arm circle left 1 

b) Hand circle outw. 1. together with large arm 
circle inw. r , 2 

c) Double arm circle left 3 

d) Hand circle inw. r. together with large arm 
circle outw. 1 4 

e) Alternate b and d 5 — 6 

f) As e but in follow (mill) time and finish by ex- 
tending to the right 7 — 8 

Repeat to the right 9 — 16 

D. 

Repeat A, B, C to the right 64 c. 

Part II. 
A. ^ 

a) Double lower J arm circle from r. to 1. and 1. to 

r. height of shoulders and repeat 1 — 4 



together with the following "balancing" steps: 
a) Step sidew. 1. and cross r. foot in front and rise 

60 



on toes, same right and repeat 1. and r 1 — 4 

b) Step sidew. 1. 5 ; swing right inw. (crosswise) 
hop on left, execute a f turn to left and place r. 
foot backw. 6, place 1. foot backw. and kneel left 

7, rise and straighten knees at 8 

together with the following club movement: 

b) Double lower 4 arm circle from r. to 1. to pos. 
forw. and tilt on fore-arms 5, double lower ^ arm 
circle r. to 1. to pos. forw. with the f turn 6, tilt 

on fore-arms with the kneeling 7 

hand circles forw. outside of arms and rise 8 

c) Step forw. 1. and J turn right, together wdth 

c) double lower J arm circle to pos. forw. and tilt 

on fore-arms 9 — 10 

d) Step backw. r. ^ turn to front and close 1. foot 
to r. 11^12 together with: 

d) Double lower J arm circle to pos. sidew. r. and 

tilt on forearms 11 — 12 

e) Double lower -| arm circle to pos. sidew. 1.... 13 

double horz. circle to pos. sidew. r 14 

double lower ^ arm circle to pos. sidew. 1. and 

tilt on fore-arms 15 — 16 

B. 

a) Double arm circle to the left 1 

b) Left arm circle outw. together with right hand 
circle outw. back of left shoulder 2 

c) Double arm circle to the left 3 

d) Right arm circle inw. together with left hand 
circle inw. back of right shoulder 4 

e) Left arm circle outw. together with right hand 

circle outw. back of left shoulder 5 

f) Right arm circle inw. together with left hand 

circle outw. back of 1. shoulder 6 

In follow or mill time : r. club leading. 

61 



g) Arm circle inw. right 

follow arm circle outw. *'and"; hand circle outw. 



r. over 1. shoulder 8 ; follow outw. right back of 
1. shoulder "and". 

C. 

Repeat A, starting to the right 1 

Repeat B, starting to the right 1 

Part III. 

a) Double i arm circle forw. downw. along r. side 

to pos. forw. and tilt clubs on fore-arms 1 

together with stride pos. backw. r 

i turn to the right 

b) Arm circle as a, together with step forw. 1, |- turn 

to the r. and close r 3 

Repeat a and b on opposite sides 5 

B. 



a) March forw. 4 steps and swing 4 double hand 
circles forw. outside of arms, height of shoulders 1 

b) Lunge forw. 1. swing clubs downw. obi. backw. 



trunk inclines forw 5 

c) Change pos. of knees, swing clubs forw. obi. 
upw. trunk inclines backw 7 

C. 



Right foot is closed forw. to fundamental pos. 
and continue : 

a) Double arm circle forw. both passing on 1. side 

b) One hand circle forw. 1. together with one large 

arm circle forw. right 

Repeat a and b, to opposite sides 3 

c) Double arm circle forw. both clubs passing on 1. 

side 5; repeat on r. side 

In follow (mill) time: 

62 



d) Right large arm circle forw. on 1. side, under 1. 
arm, 7 ; left, large arm circle forw. on r. side over 
r. arm "and" one r. hand circle forw. height of 
shoulder, 8; one 1. hand circle forw. outside of 
arm "and". 

Repeat a to d 9 — 16 

D. 

Repeat A, but begin with stride backw. 1 1 — 8 

Repeat B, but begin with right 1 — 8 

Part IV. 
A. 

a) Double J arm circle forw. backw. on 1. side of 

body, r. height of hips, 1. height of shoulders. ... 1 

swing clubs forw. he-ight of shoulders 2 

together with the following "balancing" steps: 

a) Step backw. 1. and crojs r. foot in front 1 

step forw. r. and cross 1. foot in rear 2 

Repeat 3 — 4 

b) Stride forw. 1., swing r. leg forw. and leap forw. 
with 4 turn to the 1. and place r. leg in stride 

pos. backw 5 — 6 

together with following club ex. : 

b) Double J arm circle forw. to pos. forw. and tilt 

on fore-arms and repeat 5 — 6 

c) Move 1. foot backw. and kneel on 1. (tilt) 7 

d) Rise, straighten knees and double hand circle 
forw. outside of arms, height of shoulders 8 

e) Stride forw. 1. and ^ turn to the right, together 
with double ^ arm circle forw. on r. side of body 

and tilt on fore-arms 9 — 10 

f) Stride backw. r. at the same time execute J turn 
to the r. and double low^er ^ arm circle to pos. 
forw 11 

63 



g) Close 1. foot to r. and tilt clubs on fore-arms. ... 12 

h) Double hand circle forw. height of shoulders 
outside of arms 13 

i) Double arm circle downw. backw 14 

k) Swing forw. and double hand circle backw. out- 
side of forw. extended arms and tilt on fore- 
arms 15 — 16 

B. 

a) Double arm circle forw. both clubs passing on 
1. side of body 

b) One large arm circle forw. r. (or r. side) to- 
gether with one hand circle forw. outside of 
arms, height of shoulders 

c) Double arm circle forw., both clubs passing on 
r. side 

d) One large arm circle forw. 1. (on 1. side) together 



with one hand circle forw. r 4 

e) Right arm circle forw. together with 1. hand 

circle over the right shoulder 5 

f) Left arm circle forw. together with right hand 

circle over 1. shoulder 6 

In follow (mill) time: 

g) Right arm circle forw. r. 7 ; followed by left arm 
circle forw. 1. both passing on right side "and" 

h) One r. hand circle side of 1. shoulder 8 

One 1. hand circle side of 1. shoulder *'and" 

Repeat 9— -16 

C. 

Repeat A. to opposite directions 1 — 16 

Repeat B. to opposite directions 1 — 16 



1 

2 
3 



64 



Exhibition Drill 



Exhibited by 9 Turners of the St. Louis District at the 
nth German Festival, held at Frankfurt, a. M., 1908. 

A. E. Kindervater, Director. 

The clubs were illuminated by electricity and showing 
our national colors, red, white and blue. They were of 
special construction, hollowed out with slits cut to show 
the inside bulbs, one protruding at the base end, red; 
the tw^o inside were white and blue. The wiring was 
lead through the sleeves down the trousers, and con- 
nected with a switch, from which the special effects as to 
colors were regulated. 

In the Parts 1, III, IV the exercises are executed 
from the starting pos. 

In Part II they begin 

from the Fundamental pos. 

The musical accompaniment for the different parts 
consisted of the folowing airs: 

Part I— Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean". 

Part IWWatch on the Rhine." 

Part III— 'Yankee Doodle". 

Part IV— "Frisch, Stark, Treu". 

Part I. 

Air: Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean." 
First Group. 
Formation : 1 2 3 - 

Red White Blue 

1. Exercise. 

a) I arm circle left, outw., tilt, club on bent arm 
front of chest; return J arm circle inw. to pos. 

sidew., and tilt club on fore-arm 1 — 4 

65 



1^ large arm circle outw. to starting pos 5 — 8 

b) Same with right 9 — 16 

c) Same outward with both clubs, twice 17 — 32 

2. Exercise. 

Like 1. Ex., but inward 1 — 32 

3. Exercise. 

a) f double arm circle to the left, to pos. sidew. 
right, and tilt clubs on fore-arms 1 — 2 

Same to the right 3 — 4 

Stretch arm and clubs upw. successively, 

according to colors, red, on count 5 

white, on count 6 

blue, on count 7 

Lower clubs to starting pos., on count 8 

b) As a, but begin to the right 9 — ^16 

c) Repeat a and b 17 — 32 

Second Group. 

1. Exercise. 

a) Large arm circle left outward, and hand circle 

outw. back of shoulders, twice 1 — 4 

Two large arm circles outw. to starting pos .... 5 — 8 

b) Same with right 9 — 16 

c) Same with both, clubs outw., twice 17 — 32 

2. Exercise. 

Like 1. Ex., but inward . . . .* 1 — 32 

3. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle to the left, with hand circle 

back to shoulders, twice 1 — 4 

Stretch arms and clubs upw. successively ac- 
cord, to colors, red, white and blue, as Ex. 3 in 

First Group 5 — 8 

66 



b) As a, but begin to the right 9 — 16 

c) Repeat a and b 17—32 

Third Group. 

1. Exercise. 

a) Large arm circle left, outw. and hand circle 

outw. back of shoulders 1 — 2 

One front lower hand circle, and two front up- 
per, with straight arm 3 — 6 

With large arm circle outw. to starting pos. . . . 7 — 8 

b) Same to the right 9 — 16 

c) Same outw., with both clubs, twice. 17 — 32 

2. Exercise. 

Like 1. Ex., but inward 1 — 32 

3. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle to the left, and double hand 

circle back of shoulders 1 — 2 

One front lower hand circle, and 3 front upper 

with straight arms 3— 7 

Lower clubs to starting pos. on 8th count. 

b) Same to the right 9 — 16 

c) Repeat a and b 17 — 32 



Part II. 

In this part only 8 participants were needed; the 9th 
disappearing. 

Air: "Watch on the Rhine". 

First Group. 

Formation : 1 — 2 — 1 — 2. Fundamental pos. 
1. Exercise. 

a) Lunge forw. left, and raise 1. club forw. obi. 

upw. the right club backw. obi. down 1 — 4 

67 



b) Lunge forw. right, and change pos. of arms. . . . 5 — 8 

c) Return to pos. a, and "cover" head with 1. club 9—12 

d) Lower clubs, and mark time 4 steps with J turn 

right (all facing to rear) 13 — 16 

Repeat a — d, (finish by facing '*front" again) . .17 — 32 

2. Exercise. 

a) Lunge forw. left, and raise both clubs forw. obi. 

upw 1 — 4 

b) Lunge forw. right, and lower both clubs obi. 
downw. backw. on left side 5 — 8 

c) Return to lunging pos. a, and ''cover" head left, 
right club downw. obi. backw. 9 — 12 

d) Lower clubs, return 1. foot and mark time 4 
steps with ^ turn right (all facing to rear) .... 13 — 16 
Repeat a — d, (finish by facing ''front" again) . .17 — 32 

3. Exercise. 

a) Lunge forward left, clubs downw. obi. outw. 



backw 1 — 4 

b) Lunge forw. right, clubs over 1. shoulder to 
"striking" pos 5 — 8 

c) Like a 9 — 12 

d) Fundamental pos 13 — 16 

Second Group. 
1. Exercise. 

a) Lunge sidew. left, and raise 1. club sidew. obi. 
upw., the right sidew. obi. downw 1 — 4 

b) Lunge right, crossing front of left, turn trunk 
somewhat to the left, and change pos. of arms 

and clubs 5^ — 8 

c) Like a 9 — 12 

d) Return to pos 13 — 16 

Repeat a — d to opposite direction 17 — 32 

68 



2. Exercise. 

a) Like 1. Ex., but files execute the movements 



towards the center 1 — 4 

b) The inner files like b. of 1. Ex.; the outer files 
same, but add kneeling on inner knee 5 — 8 

c) Like a 9—12 

d) Return to pos 13 — 16 

3. Exercise. 

a) Like 2. Ex., but 1. and 2. file execute the move- 
ment inward, the 3. and 4. file same (clubs 
crossed) 1 — 4 

b) Change pos. like 2. Ex. b 5 — 8 

c) Like a 9—12 

d) Return to pos 13 — 16 



Third Group. 

Change of Formation: ^ H H 

1—2 1—2 

1. Exercise. 

a) Lunge forw. 1. and raise 1. club forw. obi. upw. 

the right club obi. downw. backw 1 — 4 

b) 1. Files: Lunge forw. right, and raise r. club 

to strike, & lower 1. club obi. backw. 
2. Files : Stride backw. 1. and kneel right, and 
raise r. club to "cover" head, 1. obi. 



downw. backw 

c) Like a and b 9 — 12 

d) Fundamental pos 13 — 16 

Repeat a — d, but in b 1. and 2. files change 
exercises 17 — 32 

2. Exercise. 

a) Lunge forw., 1. clubs obi. downw. backw. on 1. 

side 1 — 4 



69 



b) 1. Files: Lunge forw. r. and raise clubs over 

1. shoulder to strike 

2. Files: Stride backw. and kneel 1., cover 
head with 1. club, and cover chest 
with r. club 5 — 8 

c) Lilce a 9--12 

d) Fundamental pos 13 — 16 

Repeat a — d, but in b 1. and 2. files change 
exercises 17 — 32 

3. Exercise. 

a) The 4 file members of each column lunge forw. 
left toward the center of 2 squares, 1. club forw. 

obi. upw., right club obi. downw. backw 1 — 4 

b) Lunge r. forw. towards center, and change pos. 

of clubs, forming 2 pyramids 5 — 8 

c) Like a 9—12 

d) Fundamental pos 13 — 16 



Note. — All exercises were executed with the preci- 
sion of attack and defense in fencing, inspired by 
the German national air. 

Part IIL 

Air: Yankee Doodle." 
Formation changed 1, 2, 3, as in Part I. 
1. Exercise. 

a) Large arm circle outw. in follow or mill move- 
ment, beginning with left, end both arms upw. 1 — 8 



b) Four upper hand circles continued 9 — 12 

c) Two hand circles outw., arms sideways 13 — 14 

d) Double arm circle outw. to starting pos 15 — 16 

Repeat a—d 17—32 

2. Exercise. 

Like 1. Ex., but all inw. and repeat 1 — 32 

70 



3. Exercise. 

a) Like a in 1. Ex 1 — 8 

b) Hand circles in front in "mill" movement, des- 
cribing the figure 8 9 — 16 

c, d) Repeat a and b 17—32 

4. Exercise. 

a) Like a in 2. Ex 1 — 8 

b) Hand circles inw. in ''miH"* movement, with 
straight arm and lowering gradually to the pos. 
sidew 9 — 14 

c) i double arm circle outw. to starting pos 15 — 16 

Repeat a— c 17—32 

Part IV. 

Air: ''Frisch, Stark, Treu.'' 
Formation as in Part III: 1, 2, 3. 

1. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle left, and double hand circle 

left back of shoulders, and repeat 1 — 4 

b) ''Swing over" to the right on 4th count, and 

repeat a, to the right 5 — 8 

"Swing over" on 8th count, and 

c) Two large double arm circles to the left with 

2 after steps sidew. 1 9 — 12 

d) Repeat c to the right . . 13 — 16 

2. Exercise. 

a) Arm circle left outw. together with hand circle 
right outw. back of shoulders, 1 ; change 1. hand 
circle and r. arm circle, 2; repeat 3 times and 
execute continuously 1 — 8 

b) Same inward 9 — 16 

71 



3. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle outw. with double hand 

circles back of arms straightened sideways . . . 1 — 2 
I large double arm circle outw. to straight arm 



pos. upw 3 — 4 

Repeat and return to starting pos 5 — 8 

b) Same, but inward 9 — 16 

c — d) Reperat a and b 17 — 32 

4. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle and double hand circle back 

of shoulders to the left 1 — 2 

J double arm circle and front lower hand circle 3— 4 



4-4 double arm circle and front upper hand circle 5 — 6 
4 double arm circle and return to starting pos. 7 — 8 
Note. — All double arm and hand circles are to the 



left. 

b) Like a, to the right 9—16 

5. Exercise. 

Like Ex. 4, but all arm and hand circles outw. 1 — 16 

6. and 7. Exercise. 

Repeat Ex. 4 and 5 1—32 

8. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle left, and double hand circle 

left, back of shoulders 1 — 2 

Hand circle inw. left, back of shoulders together 

with arm circle r. inw 3 

Same vice versa 4 

f double arm circle outw., arms cross front of 
body; double hand circle outw. to pos sidew.. . 5 — 6 
f double arm circle to starting pos 7 — 8 

b) Like a, to the right 9—16 

9. Exercise. 

a) Double arm circle inw,, together with double 

hand circl. inw. back of shoulders 1 — 2 

72 



Arm circle 1. in front of body together with hand 



circle inw. right back of shoulders 3 

Same vice versa 4 

f double arm circle inw. to pos. sideways 5 

Double horizontal hand circle inw. to crossed 

arm pos 6 

f double arm circle inw. to starting pos 7 — 8 

Repeat all 9—16 

10. and 11. Exercises. 
Repeat 8. and 9. Exercises 1 — 32 

12., 13., 14. and 15. Exercises. 

Repeat Ex. 1, 2, 3 and 4 1 — 64 

FINAL GROUPING: 
Blue, White, Red. 



Exhibition Drill 

By C. F. Weege. 



Class Formation: ^ _1_ _3_ 

• • • • • • 

Outer Center Outer 



With a limited space this drill could be performed 
with 3 files, two outer, and one center; but 6 or more 
would be more effective. Clubs are carried under the 
arms, hands on small of back during the marching. 

Salute: Remain in Place 1 — 4; with the 5th count, 
swing arms forw. ; 6th count execute hand circle forw. 
outside of arms; 7th count hand circles forw. inside of 
arms; 8th count hand circle forw. outside of arms and 
starting pos. 

73 



Part I. 



Center Files. 
A. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle inw. 
and double hand circle 
inw. back of shoulders. 

3 — 4 Two hand circles inw. 
back of shoulders with 
right, while left swings 
arm circle in front and 
hand circle back of should- 
ers. 

5 — 6 Same as 1 — 2. 

7—- 8 As 3 — 4, but circles 

vice-versa. 
9—16 Repeat. 



Outer Files. 
A. 

Outer files execute same 
but outward. 



B. 

I — 2 Double arm circles in- 
wards to pos. sidew., and 
tilt clubs on fore arms. 

3 — 4 Double arm circles 
outw. and tilt clubs on 
bent fore-arms, front of 
chest. 

5—8 Repeat 1 — ^1. 
9 Arm circle 1. inw. to- 
gether with hand circle r. 
inw. back of shoulders. 

10 Same vice-versa. 

II — 16 Movements of 9 and 
10 to be repeated 3 times. 



B. 

Outer files execute same, 
but outw. 



74 



Center Files. 
C. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle and 
front lower hand circle 
inw. 

3 Double rear lower hand 
circle. 

4 Front lower hand circle. 

3 Double hand circles inw. 
back of shoulders. 

6 Double hand circles inw. 
in front of shoulders. 

7 Double hand circles inw. 
behind shoulders. 

8 Double hand circles inw. 
in front of shoulders. 

9 — 16 Repeat. 

D. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle and 
hand circle back of should- 
ers, to the left. 

3 — 4 Two hand circles left 
outw. back of shoulders, 
while the right swings 
two arm circles inward. 

5—8 Repeat 1—4. 

9 One hand circle left outw. 
back of shoulders together 
with one front arm circle 
inw. 

10 One hand circle right 
inw. back of shoulders to- 
gether with one front arm 
circle outw. 



Outer Files. 
C. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle 
and front upper hand 
circle outw. (straight 
arms). 

3 — 4 Repeat. 

5 — 6 Double arm circles 
and front lower hand 
circles outw. 

7—8 Repeat 5 — 6. 



9—10 Repeat. 

D. 

1 — 8 Same as center, but 
to different directions, 
viz. : 

First file swings to the 
right. 

Third file swings to the 
left. 

9 — 16 Same dissimilar 
movements to the fol- 
lowing directions: 
First file to the right. 
Third file to the left. 
11 — 16 The dissimilar uove- 
ments, of 9 and 10 to be 
repeated. 



Center Files. 



Outer Files. 



E. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle and 
front lower hand circles 
to the left. 

3 — 4 Two lower hand circles 
with left hand outw., 
while the right swings 
lower hand circle in front 
and lower rear. 

5 — 6 Double arm circle left 
and hand circle left back 
of shoulders. 

7 — 8 Two hand circles left, 
while the right swings 
the hand circles in front 
and back of shoulders. 

9—16 Repeat 1—8. 



1 — 8 Dissimilar double arm 
circle and front upper 
hand circle ouw. (straight 
arms). 

Note. — Left hand' circle be- 
gins. 
9—10 Double 



arm 

outw. and hand 
back of shoulders. 
11—16 Repeat. 



circle 
circles 



Second file 1 — 8 same as 
First file, beginning to 
opposite direction. 



9—16 Repeat 1—8. 
F. 

1 — 8 Dissimilar double 
arm and hand circle 
outward back of should- 
er (bent arms). 
Note. — Left hand begins. 

9 — 16 Same as center files 



Positions. 

1. Pos.: Stride 1. backw. and clubs sidew. obi. down 

remain until 4th count. 

2. Pos.: Stride 1. forward, and clubs crossed overhead 

remain until 8th count. 

76 



3. Pos. : Kneel on right, arms obi. sidew. upward 

remain until 12th count. 

4. Pos. : Fundamental position 13 — 16 counts. 

Finale with Waltz Step. 

he 3 members of each rank arrange to a star, execute 
a 4-4 wheel right with marching or waltz step, right club 
pointing obi. upw. towards center, left obi. downw. — 8 
counts. Turn right about face, execute 4-4, wheel left. 
Do not change arm pos., the clubs will point obi. downw. 
to center, 9 — 16 counts. 



Part II. 

Center Files. 
A. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle and 
rear lower liand circle 
outw. 

3 — 4 Two front lower hand 
circles. 



5 — 6 Two front upper hand 
circles, straight arms. 

7 — 8 Two hand circles back 
of shoulders, bent arms. 

9—16 Repeat. 

Note. — The directions for 
the foot movements men- 
tioned for the outer files, 
are for the first file; the 
third file begins with the 
opposite foot. 



Outer Files. 
A. 

I — 2 Double arm circle 
inw. to pos. sidew., 

and tilt on fore-arms. 
3 — 4 Same outw. and tilt 
on bent fore-arms front 
of chest, together with 
the following foot 
movements : 

1. Stride sidew. left, 

2. Cross step right foot 
backw. with bending 
of knees, 

3. Step sidew. right, 

4. Cross 1. backw. with 
bending of knees. 

5 — 8. Repeat circles with 
foot movements. 

9 — 10 Double arm circle 
inw. and hand circles 
back of shoulders. 

II — 16 Repeat 3 times. 



77 



Center Files. 
B. 

1 — 4 Four front upper hand 
circles outw. left, arm 
straight upw., together 
with 4 front lower hand 
circles outw. right. 

5 — 8 Same but change. 

9 — 16 Same .but execute 
only 2 hand circles and 
change 3 times. 

C. 

1^ — 2 Double arm circle out- 
ward and hand circle back 
of shoulders. 



3 Hand circle front of 
shoulders. 

4 Hand circle back of 
shoulders. 

5 Left hand circle in front 
together with right hand 
circle back of shoulders. 



6 Same, but r. in front 1. 
back. 

7 Repeat 5 — 6. 



Outer Files. 
B. 

1—16 Repeat A. 



8 Repeat 5 — 6. 



C. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle r. 
to pos. forw. I. and tilt 
clubs on fore-arms, to- 
gether with side stride 
r. and J turn 1. and 
kneel r. 

3 — 4 Two hand circles 
forw. outside of arms, 
and remain in kneeling 
pos. 

5 Rise, and close r. foot 
to 1. (facing towards 
center files) and swing 
arm circle forw. down- 
ward backw. 

6 Swing upward vertical- 
ly and 

7 Tilt clubs backward on 
forearms, arms straight 

8 Hand circles forw. out- 
side of arms. 



78 



Center Files. 

Note. — The directions for 
1st file as previously men- 
tioned. 



D. 

(cross-circles) 

1 — 2 Double arm circle 
forw. pass on 1. side and 
hand circle forw. and over 
r. shoulder. 

3 — 4 Two hand circles forw. 
outside of arms. 

5 — 8 Same opposite. 
9 Double i arm circle 
downw. backw. 

10 Swing arms forw. and 
tilt on 

11 fore-arms. 

12 Hand circles forw. out- 
side of arms. 

13 Hand circles backw. out- 
side of arms. 

14 Tilt left club on 1. fore- 
arm while r. club swings 
4-4 hand circle backw. in- 
side of arm. 

15 Left club swings 1. hand 
circle forw. outside of 
arm, while r. club tilts on 
fore-arm. 

16 Both hands circles forw. 
outside of arms. 



Outer Files. 

9 — 16 I turn right and re- 
peat as above to op- 
posite direction (end 
by facing to front). 

D. 

1 — 2 Double arm circle 
to r., turn trunk 1. and 
double hand circle forw. 

3 — 4 Same opposite. 

5—8 Repeat. 



9 — 10 Double arm circle 
to r. with hand circles 
back of shoulders. 

11 — 16 Repeat 3 times. 

Note. — The 3rd file begins 
to opposite directions. 



79 



Center Files. Outer Files. 

E. E. 

Repeat A, B, C, D. Repeat A, B, C, D. 
80 counts. 80 counts. 



Positions for Center Files. 

1. Pos. : Place r. foot backw. 1. bent, r. arm obi. 

backw. downw., 1. arm to "cover'' head 

and remain 1 — 4 

2. Pos. : Lunge forw. r., right arm obi. upw., 1. 

arm ''parry'' chest, (club horizontal 
front of chest) 5 — 8 

3. Pos. : Lunge r. backw., r. arm circles downw. 

to pos. upw., 1. arm obi. forw. downw. 
(parry 1. flank) 9—12 

4. Pos. : Lunge forw. right, and kneel 1., circle 

right arm down to pos. forw., 1. arm to 
cover head 13 — 16 



Position for outer files, 

to be executed together with center files. 

The directions indicated are for the 1. file, the 3. file 
beginning to opposite directions. 

1. Pos.: Lunge 1. sidew., 1. arm obi. upw. r. obi. 

down, (toward center) 1 — 4 

2. Pos. : J turn 1. lunge forw. r., thrust r. forw., 

left obi. backw. downw 5 — 8 

3. Pos. : Kneel 1., bend trunk backw., rest left 

club on floor, guard right club overhead. 9 — 12 

4. Pos. : Rise and leap to a lunge pos. 1. forw., 1. 

arm obi. upw., r. obi. down 13 — 16 



80 



Exhibition Drill 



-by- 
C. F. Koch. 
I. 

Double arm circle left, and double hand circle 1. 



back of shoulders 1 — 2 

I arm circle to pos. sidew. right 3 

Double horizontal circles with i turn to left 4 

Double hand circles forw. outside of arms 5 

Lunge forw. left and swing downw. backw. obi ... 6 
Swing forw. with hand circles backw. outide of 
arms to straight arm pos. upw., return to funda- 
mental pos. and turn to front 7 — 8 

Same to opp. directions 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 



II. 

Double arm circle outw. and double hand circle 

outw. back of shoulders 1 — 2 

I arm circle outw. to bent arm pos. front of chest 3 
Horizontal circles outw. and lunge forw. 1., arms 

sidew 4 

J hand circle outw. ("swing over") back of 
shoulders and raise chest to crossed pos. over- 
head 5 

Kneel on r. knee and lower crossed clubs in front 

of chest 6 

Extend arms obi. upw. outw 7 

Hand circles in front of arms, to pos. upw. ..... 8 

Raise at 9th count return 1. foot and repeat but 

begin inward 9 — 16 

Repeat 17—32 

81 



III. 



Outward : 

Hand circle outw. 1. back of shoulders together 
with arm circle r. outw. 1 ; reverse 2 ; upper 
hand circle 1. straight arm, together with large 
arm circle r. outw. 3 ; reverse 4 

Double arm circle outw. to bent arm pos. front of 
chest, 5 ; horizontal hand circle outw., 6 ; hor- 
izontal circle outw. overhead, arms sidew. . . . 7 — 8 

Repeat 9—16 

Inward : 

Hand circle r. inw. back of shoulder together with 
arm circle 1. inw., 1 ; turn trunk left, hand circle 
r. forw. outside of arm and hand circle 1. backw. 
outside of arm, 2; Same to reserve side. 3 — 4 

f arm circle inw. arms sidew., 5 ; horizontal circle 
inw. (arms remain in pos.), 6; horizontal circle 
inw. overhead, 7; cross clubs in front of chest 
and turn clubs inw. toward chest (and) hand 
circle inw. back of shoulders with both arms. . 8 

Repeat 9—16 

IV. 

Arm and hand circle to the left in back and front 

of shoulders as a follow or mill movement. . . . 1 — 4 

I arm circle alternate from 1. to r. and double hor- 
izontal circle to left alternate 6 — 8 

Repeat and finish on right side 9 — 16 

Repeat all to the right and finish with arms sidew. 17 — 32 

82 



V. 



Arm circle with both arms outw., 1 ; hand circle 
in front and back of shotilers, 2 ; two small arm 
circles, 3 — 4 ; Arms sidew. obi. upw., 5; cross 
clubs overhead, 6; repeat 5 — /; hand circle 

oiitw. back of shoulders 8 

Repeat 9 — 16 

Same inward, but on 5th count cross clubs over- 
head, arms sidew. obi. upw., 6; repeat 5 — 7; 
hand circle inw. back of shoulders, 8; repeat. . 9 — 16 



83 



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